Which operational variable involves assessing external influences on military operations?

The operational variable that involves assessing external influences on military operations is political. This variable encompasses the political environment in which military operations take place, including the relationships between nations, regional alliances, and the stability of governments. Understanding the political landscape is crucial for military planners and commanders, as it affects strategic decisions and operational effectiveness. For example, a country's political alignments can dictate the level of support or opposition that military operations may encounter, influencing both the planning and execution phases.

While infrastructure, information, and social variables can have an impact on operations, they do not specifically focus on the external political factors that can shape the operational environment. Infrastructure pertains to the physical facilities and structures supporting military operations, information involves the data and communication systems, and social aspects relate to the demographics, culture, and societal dynamics within the operational area. However, it is the political environment that primarily dictates external influences, making it the correct choice in assessing how these factors affect military operations.