What principle mandates that combatants must distinguish between military targets and civilians?

The principle that mandates combatants must distinguish between military targets and civilians is known as Distinction. This principle is a fundamental aspect of international humanitarian law, particularly in the context of armed conflict. It requires that parties to a conflict must always differentiate between combatants and civilians, ensuring that operations are directed exclusively at military objectives. The aim is to protect civilian populations and civilian objects, reducing the impact of armed conflict on non-combatants.

This principle is crucial for maintaining ethical standards during warfare and helps to mitigate unnecessary harm to innocent parties. It reflects the international community's commitment to human rights and the principles of humanity, emphasizing the need to protect those who are not participating in the hostilities.