What are the three main phases of an offensive operation as described in ATP 3-21.8?

The three main phases of an offensive operation as outlined in ATP 3-21.8 are movement, assault, and exploitation.

In the movement phase, units prepare for the assault by relocating to advantageous positions, securing critical terrain, and ensuring they can maneuver effectively while maintaining the element of surprise. This phase is essential for establishing a strong base from which to launch the attack.

The assault phase is where forces engage the enemy directly. This includes attacking enemy positions with the intent to destroy or neutralize their capabilities, allowing friendly forces to secure objectives. The coordination and execution during this phase are vital, as it involves various combat elements that work together to achieve the mission.

Following the assault, the exploitation phase involves pursuing a defeated enemy to maximize the momentum gained during the assault. This phase is crucial for maintaining pressure on the adversary and capitalizing on any weaknesses that emerge as they regroup.

These phases reflect a comprehensive approach to offensive operations, ensuring that forces effectively transition from movement into engagement and finally into sustained operations against the enemy. The other options do not accurately encapsulate the structure of offensive operations as per the ATP guidelines.